Criminal Law Notes

Understand Pakistan’s theft & extortion laws under Sections 378 to 389 of the Pakistan Penal Code. Learn about offenses, punishments, and legal provisions related to theft, extortion, and criminal law in Pakistan. Definition of Theft (Section 378) Theft is committed…

Every individual has the right to live peacefully in their home or property without any disturbance. If someone unlawfully enters another person’s property with ill intentions—such as committing theft, murder, or causing harm—it is termed Criminal Trespass. Under legal provisions,…

Criminal trespass refers to unlawfully entering someone’s property without their permission, intending to commit a crime such as theft, assault, or murder. Every individual has the right to peacefully enjoy their property. However, when someone enters another person’s home illegally…

Criminal conspiracy refers to a secret agreement between two or more individuals to commit an illegal act or a legal act through unlawful means. This offense is recognized under the Pakistan Penal Code and the Indian Penal Code, which define…

The legal meaning of hurt is any physical harm caused to another person, except for causing death. Under Section 332, hurt is defined as causing pain, dislocating or cutting body parts, exposing bones, or causing fractures. All these types of…

Friends, in today’s article, we will discuss what is the common intention means and what the common object in the world of crime. Additionally, we will examine whether this concept is present in the Pakistan Penal Code and Indian Penal…

Unlawful assembly is a crucial topic in criminal law, addressed under both the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Indian Penal Code (IPC). In legal terminology, an unlawful assembly refers to a gathering of individuals with the intent to disturb…

Crime and tort are two terminologies that often confuse people. Many use these terms interchangeably, but they are not the same. Both involve wrongful acts, but they differ in nature, impact, and legal consequences. This article will explain the difference…

Punishment is given to a person because they have committed some crime or offence. When you commit a crime—such as killing a person, committing robbery, or cheating—you violate the laws set by the state, the owner, or the government. These…

Crime is not just an action; it involves the mental state behind it. Two key elements in defining crime are intention and object. A crime is incomplete without intention—meaning there must be a conscious plan or decision to commit the…